Intervalo QTc prolongado en pacientes adultos
Resumen
Introducción: el intervalo QTc prolongado ha sido identificado como factor de riesgo en arritmias ventriculares e incluso muerte súbita.
Objetivo: establecer la prevalencia de QTc prolongado en pacientes internados. Metodología: estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo que incluyó 123 pacientes internados en el Servicio de Clínica Médica y salas de urgencias del Hospital Nacional en 2014. Se consideró como QTc prolongado un valor ≥ 0,44 seg en varones y ≥0,46 seg en mujeres en 4 derivaciones: aVL, DII, V5 y V6. Resultados: la prevalencia de QTc prolongado fue 26%, con predominio del sexo masculino (71%). La principal comorbilidad asociada fue la diabetes mellitus. Los electrolitos K+, Ca+2, Mg+ estaban bajos en la mayoría de estos afectados. El 16% de los pacientes con QTc prolongado terminaron en óbito.
Conclusiones: se halló alta prevalencia de QTc prolongado (26%). Se requieren estudios más complejos para determinar la asociación de esta patología con las comorbilidades, los cuadros neurológicos, el uso de medicamentos y las alteraciones de los electrolitos detectadas.
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