Viruela del mono (Mpox) en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres: un artículo de revisión sistemática
Palabras clave:
Mpox, minorías sexuales y de género, epidemiología
Resumen
El brote de viruela del mono (Mpox) en 2022 afectó de manera desproporcionada a la comunidad de hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH), caracterizándose por lesiones anogenitales, proctitis y linfoadenopatía. Este artículo ofrece una revisión sistemática basada en estudios publicados entre enero de 2022 y noviembre de 2024, con un enfoque específico en la población HSH y su vulnerabilidad particular frente al Mpox. Se destaca que la transmisión en este grupo ocurre principalmente a través del contacto sexual íntimo, lo cual exige adaptar estrategias de prevención y control de la enfermedad que sean culturalmente sensibles y específicas para esta población. La estigmatización asociada al Mpox y su relación con la comunidad HSH es un obstáculo relevante que debe abordarse para garantizar un acceso equitativo a los servicios de salud. Se concluye que aunque existen avances importantes en diagnóstico, prevención y tratamiento, persisten brechas significativas en la cobertura vacunal y en la implementación de campañas de educación adecuadas. Para un control efectivo del Mpox, es esencial desarrollar intervenciones libres de prejuicios que promuevan la salud integral de la población afectada.
Citas
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3. Girometti N, Byrne R, Bracchi M, Heskin J, McOwan A, Tittle V, et al. Demographic and clinical characteristics of confirmed human monkeypox virus cases in individuals attending a sexual health centre in London, UK: an observational analysis. Lancet Infect Dis [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Sept 3];22(9):1321-8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35785793/
4. Eurosurveillance editorial team. Note from the editors: WHO declares Mpox outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. [Miscellaneous]. Euro Surveill [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2024 Sept 3] ;29(33):240815v. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39149825/
5. Philpott D, Hughes CM, Alroy KA, Kerins JL, Pavlick J, Asbel L, et al. Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of monkeypox cases - United States, May 17-July 22, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Sept 3];71(32):1018-22. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35951487/
6. Delaney KP, Sanchez T, Hannah M, Edwards OW, Carpino T, Agnew-Bruce C, et al. Strategies adopted by gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men to prevent monkeypox virus transmission - United States, August 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Sept 3];71(35):1126-30. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36048582/
7. Vallée A. Sexual behaviors, cannabis, alcohol and monkeypox infection. Front Public Health [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Nov 25]; 10:1054488. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36733281/
8. Obeid MA, Amawi H, Alshehri A, Adesokan A. Monkeypox: Emerging virus of concern; antivirals and vaccines therapeutic options. Microb Pathog [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Nov 25];173(Pt A):105799. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36182078/
9. Kozlov M. Monkeypox in Africa: the science the world ignored. Nature [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Nov 25];607(7917):17-8. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35739391/. Subscription required
10. Moawad MH, Taha AM, Nguyen D, Ali M, Mohammed YA, Moawad WAE, et al. Attitudes towards receiving monkeypox vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vaccines (Basel) [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Enero 3];11(12):1840. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38140243/
11. Hemati S, Farhadkhani M, Sanami S, Mohammadi-Moghadam F. A review on insights and lessons from COVID-19 to the prevent of monkeypox pandemic. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2022;50:102441. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102441. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36084881/
12. Vaughan AM, Cenciarelli O, Colombe S, Alves de Sousa L, Fischer N, Gossner CM, et al. A large multi-country outbreak of monkeypox across 41 countries in the WHO european region, 7 March to 23 August 2022. Euro Surveill [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Nov 25];27(36):2200620. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36082686/
13. Wang Y, Leng P, Zhou H. Global transmission of monkeypox virus-a potential threat under the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Immunol [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Nov 25]; 14:1174223. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37215147/
14. Thornhill JP, Palich R, Ghosn J, Walmsley S, Moschese D, Cortes CP, et al. Human monkeypox virus infection in women and non-binary individuals during the 2022 outbreaks: A global case series. Lancet [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Nov 25];400(10367):1953-65. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36403584/
15. Lim EY, Whitehorn J, Rivett L. Monkeypox: a review of the 2022 outbreak. Br Med Bull. 2023;145(1):17-29. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36751952/
16. Pérez-Martín ÓG, Hernández-Aceituno A, Dorta-Espiñeira MM, García-Hernández L, Larumbe-Zabala E. Atypical presentation of sexually-transmitted monkeypox lesions. Infect Dis (Lond) [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Nov 25];54(12):940-3. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36102117/
17. Cevik M, Tomori O, Mbala P, Scagliarini A, Petersen E, Low N, et al. The 2023 - 2024 multi-source Mpox outbreaks of Clade I MPXV in sub-Saharan Africa: Alarm bell for Africa and the world. IJID Reg [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2024 Ago 12]; 12:100397. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39140010/
18. Bloch EM, Sullivan DJ, Shoham S, Tobian AAR, Casadevall A, Gebo KA. The potential role of passive antibody-based therapies as treatments for monkeypox. mBio [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Nov 25];13(6): e0286222. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36314809/
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