Asociación de la cistatina C con factores clínicos y biomarcadores de daño renal en sujetos con diabetes tipo 2
Resumen
Introducción: la cistatina C ha emergido como un biomarcador sensible de función renal, Sin embargo, su relación con variables clínicas y metabólicas en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DT2) no ha sido completamente caracterizada, especialmente en poblaciones latinoamericanas.
Objetivo: analizar la asociación entre los niveles de cistatina C y las variables clínicas, metabólicas y de función renal en sujetos con DT2.
Métodos: estudio observacional, analítico, de corte transversal en 243 sujetos de ambos sexos con DT2. Se evaluó cistatina C, creatinina sérica, microalbuminuria, tasa de filtración glomerular estimada a través de la ecuación CKD-EPI, glucemia sérica, hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) y tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad. Se realizó análisis de correlación, regresión lineal múltiple y regresión logística. La muestra fue estratificada en cuartiles de cistatina C para evaluar tendencias.
Resultados: la cistatina C mostró una correlación negativa fuerte con la tasa de filtración glomerular estimada (ρ = −0,76; p < 0,001) y una correlación positiva con la creatinina sérica (ρ = 0,74; p < 0,001), la microalbuminuria (ρ = 0,66; p < 0,001), la hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c) (ρ = 0,54; p < 0,001) y la glucosa sérica (ρ = 0,48; p < 0,001). En el análisis multivariado, la TFGe (β = −0,62; p < 0,001) y la microalbuminuria (β = 0,29; p < 0,001) se identificaron como predictores independientes de la concentración de cistatina C. Asimismo, la cistatina C se asoció significativamente con la enfermedad renal crónica (OR = 3,84; IC 95% 2,45–6,02; p < 0,001). El análisis por cuartiles evidenció un incremento progresivo de la HbA1c, la microalbuminuria y la prevalencia de enfermedad renal crónica, acompañado de una disminución significativa de la TFGe (p para tendencia < 0,01).
Conclusión: la cistatina C se asocia significativamente con marcadores de función renal y control metabólico en pacientes con DT2. Su incremento se relaciona con una mayor carga de daño renal, lo que respalda su utilidad como biomarcador complementario para la evaluación del compromiso renal en esta población.
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